The Parisian club has now claimed the prestigious trophy on fourteen different times.
Paris Saint-Germain required a dramatic leveler followed by a successful spot-kick decider to get past Marseille in Kuwait and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup victory.
The Champions League holders appeared to be sailing towards a straightforward triumph in the match featuring the French league winners and the French Cup holders after Ousmane Dembele opened the scoring early on.
However, Marseille struck twice late to take a shock advantage. First, the English forward scored from the penalty spot, before the defender inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking twist of events, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a vital leveler in the dying seconds to force the match into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the key figure, stopping crucial kicks from O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and Desire Doue all scored with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a 4-1 penalty victory.
The record champions PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now lifted this trophy for the 12th time in the past thirteen seasons.